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Impressionism
A Brief History
French/European
Impressionists
Monet,
Claude
Van Gogh,Vincent
Renoir, Pierre Auguste
Degas, Edgar
Cezanne, Paul
Seurat, Georges
Manet, Eduoard
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri
Sisley, Alfred
Pissarro, Camille Jacob
Morisot, Berthe
Boudin, Eugene
Caillebotte, Gustave
Sorolla, Joaquin
Fantin-Latour, Henri
Bonnard, Pierre
Gauguin, Paul
Vuillard, Edouard
Martin, Henri
Redon, Odilon
Other Impressionists
American
Impressionists
Thompson,
Richard Earl
Cassatt, Mary
Sargent, John Singer
Whistler, James McNeill
Hassam, Childe
Benson, Frank Weston
Prendergast, Maurice
Twachtman, John Henry
Chase, William Merritt
Tarbell, Edward
Vonnoh, Robert
Reid, Robert
Metcalf, Willard
Beaux, Cecilia
Potthast, Edward
Chadwick, William
Hale, Philip Leslie
Curran, Charles Courtney
Graves, Abbott Fueller
Frieseke, Frederick
Glackens, William
Maley, Alan
Ruby,
Claire
Terelak, John C
Wallis, Kent
Schofield, Michael
Plisson, Henri
Romanello, Diane
Singley, Greg
Title, Christian
Horning, Elizabeth
Hatfield, Don
Aspevig, Clyde
Afsary, Cyrus
Hayslette, Max
Schmid, Richard
Dunlay, Thomas
Ellis, Ray
Gertenbach, Lynn
Zhan, Charles
Duncan, Robert
Hails, Barbara
Wood, Barbara
Behrens, Howard
Other Impressionists
Popular
Favorites
Dali,
Salvador
Michelangelo
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Picasso, Pablo
Rockwell, Norman
Matisse, Henri E
Klimt, Gustav
Escher, M.C.
Mucha, Alphonse
Potter, Beatrix
Geddes, Anne
Anderson, Kim
Vettriano, Jack
O'Keeffe, Georgia
Parrish, Maxfield
Homer, Winslow
Hopper, Edward
Wyeth, Andrew
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Salvador Dali
Painting and Biography
Salvador
Dali Biography
Dalí,
Salvador (1904-89): Spanish painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and
designer. After passing through phases of Cubism, Futurism and Metaphysical
painting, he joined the Surrealists in 1929 and his talent for self-publicity
rapidly made him the most famous representative of the movement. Throughout
his life he cultivated eccentricity and exhibitionism (one of his
most famous acts was appearing in a diving suit at the opening of
the London Surrealist exhibition in 1936), claiming that this was
the source of his creative energy. He took over the Surrealist theory
of automatism but transformed it into a more positive method which
he named `critical paranoia'. According to this theory one should
cultivate genuine delusion as in clinical paranoia while remaining
residually aware at the back of one's mind that the control of the
reason and will has been deliberately suspended. He claimed that this
method should be used not only in artistic and poetical creation but
also in the affairs of daily life. His paintings employed a meticulous
academic technique that was contradicted by the unreal `dream' space
he depicted and by the strangely hallucinatory characters of his imagery.
He described his pictures as `hand-painted dream photographs' and
had certain favorite and recurring images, such as the human figure
with half-open drawers protruding from it, burning giraffes, and watches
bent and flowing as if made from melting wax (The Persistence of Memory,
MOMA, New York; 1931). In 1937 Dalí visited Italy and adopted a more
traditional style; this together with his political views (he was
a supporter of General Franco) led Breton to expel him from the Surrealist
ranks. He moved to the USA in 1940 and remained there until 1955.
During this time he devoted himself largely to self-publicity; his
paintings were often on religious themes (The Crucifixion of St John
of the Cross, Glasgow Art Gallery, 1951), although sexual subjects
and pictures centring on his wife Gala were also continuing preoccupations.
In 1955 he returned to Spain and in old age became a recluse. Apart
from painting, Dalí's output included sculpture, book illustration,
jewellery design, and work for the theatre. In collaboration with
the director Luis Buñuel he also made the first Surrealist films---Un
chien andalou (1929) and L'Age d'or (1930)---and he contributed a
dream sequence to Alfred Hitchcock's Spellbound (1945). He also wrote
a novel, Hidden Faces (1944) and several volumes of flamboyant autobiography.
Although he is undoubtedly one of the most famous artists of the 20th
century, his status is controversial; many critics consider that he
did little if anything of consequence after his classic Surrealist
works of the 1930s. There are museums devoted to Dalí's work in Figueras,
his home town in Spain, and in St Petersburg in Florida.
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